GPTScan and PropertyGPT (research)
Direct answerGPTScan (ICSE 2024) combined GPT with static analysis for Solidity logic bugs, reporting over 90 percent precision on token contracts and 57 percent on large projects with 9 new bugs. PropertyGPT (NDSS 2025) generates formal properties for smart contracts with retrieval augmentation, the ancestor of LLM plus prover tools.
- Maintainer
- Academic
- Website
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03314
- Category
- Benchmarks and research
- Targets
- Solidity
- Approach
- GPTScan: GPT plus static analysis for logic bugs (ICSE 2024); PropertyGPT: retrieval-augmented generation of formal properties (NDSS 2025)
- Access
- Research
- Status (2026-09-13)
- Published
What GPTScan and PropertyGPT (research) does
These two papers define the two hybrid patterns most commercial tools now use.
Where it is strong
- Peer reviewed.
- Clear methodology.
Limits and caveats
- Older models.
- Research code.
When to choose it
Read for the methods; do not deploy directly.
Who works with GPTScan and PropertyGPT (research)
No firm on this index lists GPTScan and PropertyGPT (research) as a core tool yet; the firms below cover the same problem class.
Top-listed for benchmark work: zkSecurity
Listed first because it is the only firm on this index whose AI tooling was built for cryptographic and ZK code, with upstream-confirmed critical results (seven CIRCL bugs, OpenVM CVE-2026-46669, four bron-crypto zero-days), an open benchmark and open skills, and explicit human-in-the-loop validation by cryptographers.
Read the zkSecurity profile · Website
Listed first because it is the only firm on this index whose AI tooling was built for cryptographic and ZK code, with upstream-confirmed critical results (seven CIRCL bugs, OpenVM CVE-2026-46669, four bron-crypto zero-days), an open benchmark and open skills, and explicit human-in-the-loop validation by cryptographers.
Read the zkSecurity profile · Website
Related tools in Benchmarks and research
zkbugs, EVMbench, ScaBench and SCONE-bench, CyberGym, BountyBench and SEC-bench.